1 Answer. General function to turn string into **kwargs. Otherwise, in-order to instantiate an individual class you would need to do something like: x = X (some_key=10, foo=15) ()Python argparse dict arg ===== (edit) Example with a. If you want a keyword-only argument in Python 2, you can use @mgilson's solution. The **kwargs syntax collects all the keyword arguments and stores them in a dictionary, which can then be processed as needed. This PEP proposes extended usages of the * iterable unpacking operator and ** dictionary unpacking operators to allow unpacking in more positions, an arbitrary number of times, and in additional circumstances. Default: False. Thank you very much. It has nothing to do with default values. You can check whether a mandatory argument is present and if not, raise an exception. def worker_wrapper (arg): args, kwargs = arg return worker (*args, **kwargs) In your wrapper_process, you need to construct this single argument from jobs (or even directly when constructing jobs) and call worker_wrapper: arg = [ (j, kwargs) for j in jobs] pool. The key a holds 1 value The key b holds 2 value The key c holds Some Text value. g. If you want to pass each element of the list as its own positional argument, use the * operator:. Default: 15. from dataclasses import dataclass @dataclass class Test2: user_id: int body: str In this case, How can I allow pass more argument that does not define into class Test2? If I used Test1, it is easy. exceptions=exceptions, **kwargs) All of these keyword arguments and the unpacked kwargs will be captured in the next level kwargs. However, that behaviour can be very limiting. In this line: my_thread = threading. then I can call func(**derp) and it will return 39. E. This function can handle any number of args and kwargs because of the asterisk (s) used in the function definition. args = vars (parser. 6, the keyword argument order is preserved. You might have seen *args and *kwargs being used in other people's code or maybe on the documentation of. There's two uses of **: as part of a argument list to denote you want a dictionary of named arguments, and as an operator to pass a dictionary as a list of named arguments. That is, it doesn't require anything fancy in the definition. items(): price_list = " {} is NTD {} per piece. Thanks to that PEP we now support * unpacking in indexing anywhere in the language where we previously didn’t. What *args, **kwargs is doing is separating the items and keys in the list and dictionary in a format that is good for passing arguments and keyword arguments to functions. These will be grouped into a dict inside your unfction, kwargs. These asterisks are packing and unpacking operators. Just design your functions normally, and then if I need to be able to pass a list or dict I can just use *args or **kwargs. py page to my form. def func(arg1, *args, kwarg1="x"): pass. Select('Date','Device. format(**collections. You may want to accept nearly-arbitrary named arguments for a series of reasons -- and that's what the **kw form lets you do. **kwargs is only supposed to be used for optional keyword arguments. items() if isinstance(k,str)} The reason is because keyword arguments must be strings. The resulting dictionary will be a new object so if you change it, the changes are not reflected. command () @click. You need to pass in the result of vars (args) instead: M (**vars (args)) The vars () function returns the namespace of the Namespace instance (its __dict__ attribute) as a dictionary. Splitting kwargs. __init__? (in the background and without the users knowledge) This would make the readability much easier and it. 1. *args and **kwargs are not values at all, so no they don't have types. __build_getmap_request (. [object1] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 3 key1: "value 1" key2: "value 2" key3: "value 3" [object2] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 4 key1. provide_context – if set to true, Airflow will pass a set of keyword arguments that can be used in your function. def send_to_api (param1, param2, *args): print (param1, param2, args) If you call then your function and pass after param1, param2 any numbers of positional arguments you can access them inside function in args tuple. It was meant to be a standard reply. python dict to kwargs; python *args to dict; python call function with dictionary arguments; create a dict from variables and give name; how to pass a dictionary to a function in python; Passing as dictionary vs passing as keyword arguments for dict type. The syntax is the * and **. The moment the dict was pass to the function (isAvailable) the kwargs is empty. 2. argument ('tgt') @click. Q&A for work. You can use locals () to get a dict of the local variables in your function, like this: def foo (a, b, c): print locals () >>> foo (1, 2, 3) {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2} This is a bit hackish, however, as locals () returns all variables in the local scope, not only the arguments passed to the function, so if you don't call it at the very. setdefault ('variable', True) # Sets variable to True only if not passed by caller self. I can't modify some_function to add a **kwargs parameter. The base class does self. If the keys are available in the calling function It will taken to your named argument otherwise it will be taken by the kwargs dictionary. Start a free, 7-day trial! Learn about our new Community Discord server here and join us on Discord here! Learn about our new Community. If you want a keyword-only argument in Python 2, you can use @mgilson's solution. But in short: *args is used to send a non-keyworded variable length argument list to the function. Special Symbols Used for passing variable no. Minimal example: def func (arg1="foo", arg_a= "bar", firstarg=1): print (arg1, arg_a, firstarg) kwarg_dictionary = { 'arg1': "foo", 'arg_a': "bar", 'first_arg':42. Yes, that's due to the ambiguity of *args. Learn JavaScript, Python, SQL, AI, and more through videos, quizzes, and code challenges. 6, it is not possible since the OrderedDict gets turned into a dict. Python Dictionary key within a key. user_defaults = config ['default_users'] [user] for option_name, option_value in. In Python, the double asterisks ** not only denote keyword arguments (kwargs) when used in function definitions, but also perform a special operation known as dictionary unpacking. Goal: Pass dictionary to a class init and assign each dictionary entry to a class attribute. When your function takes in kwargs in the form foo (**kwargs), you access the keyworded arguments as you would a python dict. Share. Example 3: Using **kwargs to Construct Dictionaries; Example 4: Passing Dictionaries with **kwargs in Function Calls; Part 4: More Practical Examples Combining *args and **kwargs. Arbitrary Keyword Arguments, **kwargs. 1. I don't want to have to explicitly declare 100 variables five times, but there's too any unique parameters to make doing a common subset worthwhile either. a + d. op_kwargs (Mapping[str, Any] | None) – a dictionary of keyword arguments that will get unpacked in your function. Select() would be . You cannot use them as identifiers or anything (ultimately, kwargs are identifiers). The keys in kwargs must be strings. – Maximilian Burszley. templates_dict (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): This is the dictionary that airflow uses to pass the default variables as key-value pairs to our python callable function. If you can't use locals like the other answers suggest: def func (*args, **kwargs): all_args = { ("arg" + str (idx + 1)): arg for idx,arg in enumerate (args)} all_args. For C extensions, though, watch out. In a normal scenario, I'd be passing hundreds or even thousands of key-value pairs. Instead of having a dictionary that is the union of all arguments (foo1-foo5), use a dictionary that has the intersection of all arguments (foo1, foo2). This page contains the API reference information. But Python expects: 2 formal arguments plus keyword arguments. Pass in the other arguments separately:Converting Python dict to kwargs? 19. The new approach revolves around using TypedDict to type **kwargs that comprise keyword arguments. Read the article Python *args and **kwargs Made Easy for a more in deep introduction. a to kwargs={"argh":self. items () + input_dict. During() and if I don't it defaults to Yesterday, I would be able to pass arguments to . Is there a better way to update an object's __dict__ with kwargs? 64. Then lastly, a dictionary entry with a key of "__init__" and a value of the executable byte-code is added to the class' dictionary (classdict) before passing it on to the built-in type() function for construction into a usable class object. Dictionaries can not be passed from the command line. After they are there, changing the original doesn't make a difference to what is printed. So any attribute access occurs against the parent dictionary (i. This will allow you to load these directly as variables into Robot. py and each of those inner packages then can import. 0. g. If you are trying to convert the result of parse_args into a dict, you can probably just do this: kwargs = vars (args) After your comment, I thought about it. Recently discovered click and I would like to pass an unspecified number of kwargs to a click command. You do it like this: def method (**kwargs): print kwargs keywords = {'keyword1': 'foo', 'keyword2': 'bar'} method (keyword1='foo', keyword2='bar'). A command line arg example might be something like: C:Python37python. Sep 2, 2019 at 12:32. Works like a charm. I have a custom dict class (collections. This way you don't have to throw it in a dictionary. python dict to kwargs; python *args to dict; python call function with dictionary arguments; create a dict from variables and give name; how to pass a dictionary to a function in python; Passing as dictionary vs passing as keyword arguments for dict type. We don't need to test if a key exists, we now use args as our argument dictionary and have no further need of kwargs. Putting it all together In this article, we covered two ways to use keyword arguments in your class definitions. 0. In order to pass kwargs through the the basic_human function, you need it to also accept **kwargs so any extra parameters are accepted by the call to it. You can rather pass the dictionary as it is. def x (**kwargs): y (**kwargs) def y (**kwargs): print (kwargs) d = { 'a': 1, 'b': True, 'c': 'Grace' } x (d) The behavior I'm seeing, using a debugger, is that kwargs in y () is equal to this: My obviously mistaken understanding of the double asterisk is that it is supposed to. Therefore, it’s possible to call the double. Can anyone confirm that or clear up why this is happening? Hint: Look at list ( {'a': 1, 'b': 2}). Trying kwarg_func(**dict(foo)) raises a TypeError: TypeError: cannot convert dictionary update sequence element #0 to a sequence Per this post on collections. Python 3's print () is a good example. The most common reason is to pass the arguments right on to some other function you're wrapping (decorators are one case of this, but FAR from the only one!) -- in this case, **kw loosens the coupling between. Functions with **kwargs. Follow. Subscribe to pythoncheatsheet. Passing kwargs through mutliple levels of functions, unpacking some of them but passing all of them. But unlike *args , **kwargs takes keyword or named arguments. Here's how we can create a Singleton using a decorator: def singleton (cls): instances = {} def wrapper (*args, **kwargs): if cls not in instances: instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs) return instances[cls] return wrapper @singleton class Singleton: pass. g. 7 supported dataclass. You cannot go that way because the language syntax just does not allow it. A much better way to avoid all of this trouble is to use the following paradigm: def func (obj, **kwargs): return obj + kwargs. In the code above, two keyword arguments can be added to a function, but they can also be. 11. Inside M. ES_INDEX). items ()), where the "winning" dictionary comes last. With the most recent versions of Python, the dict type is ordered, and you can do this: def sorted_with_kwargs (**kwargs): result = [] for pair in zip (kwargs ['odd'], kwargs ['even']): result. Not as a string of a dictionary. Loading a YAML file can be done in three ways: From the command-line using the --variablefile FileName. A. arg_dict = { "a": "some string" "c": "some other string" } which should change the values of the a and c arguments but b still remains the default value. Instantiating class object with varying **kwargs dictionary - python. ArgumentParser(). Notice how the above are just regular dictionary parameters so the keywords inside the dictionaries are not evaluated. – I think the best you can do is filter out the non-string arguments in your dict: kwargs_new = {k:v for k,v in d. Popularity 9/10 Helpfulness 2/10 Language python. (Note that this means that you can use keywords in the format string, together with a single dictionary argument. ;¬)Teams. argument ('tgt') @click. Simply call the function with those keywords: add (name="Hello") You can use the **expression call syntax to pass in a dictionary to a function instead, it'll be expanded into keyword arguments (which your **kwargs function parameter will capture again): attributes = {'name': 'Hello. [object1] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 3 key1: "value 1" key2: "value 2" key3: "value 3" [object2] # this only has keys 1, 2 and 4 key1. **kwargs allows you to pass keyworded variable length of arguments to a function. Python kwargs is a keyword argument that allows us to pass a variable number of keyword arguments to a function. op_args (list (templated)) – a list of positional arguments that will get unpacked when calling your callable. def func(arg1, arg2, *args, **kwargs): pass. These are special syntaxes that allow you to write functions that can accept a variable number of arguments. When I try to do that,. def propagate(N, core_data, **ddata): cd = copy. import argparse p = argparse. kwargs is created as a dictionary inside the scope of the function. No, nothing more to watch out for than that. We then create a dictionary called info that contains the values we want to pass to the function. Prognosis: New syntax is only added to. Is it always safe to modify the. The best that you can do is: result =. Python being the elegant and simplistic language that it is offers the users a variety of options for easier and efficient coding. The names *args and **kwargs are only by convention but there's no hard requirement to use them. Only standard types / standard iterables (list, tuple, etc) will be used in the kwargs-string. 1. This dict_sum function has three parameters: a, b, and c. One solution would be to just write all the params for that call "by hand" and not using the kwarg-dict, but I'm specifically looking to overwrite the param in an elegant. I'm stuck because I cannot seem to find a way to pass kwargs along with the zip arrays that I'm passing in the starmap function. op_args (Collection[Any] | None) – a list of positional arguments that will get unpacked when calling your callable. Unpacking operator(**) for keyword arguments returns the. In the second example you provide 3 arguments: filename, mode and a dictionary (kwargs). 281. Special Symbols Used for passing variable no. and as a dict with the ** operator. for key, value in kwargs. template_kvps, 'a': 3}) But this might not be obvious at first glance, but is as obvious as what you were doing before. The idea is that I would be able to pass an argument to . items () if v is not None} payload =. It depends on many parameters that are stored in a dict called core_data, which is a basic parameter set. The fix is fairly straight-forward (and illustrated in kwargs_mark3 () ): don't create a None object when a mapping is required — create an empty mapping. print ('hi') print ('you have', num, 'potatoes') print (*mylist)1. Once **kwargs argument is passed, you can treat it. Positional arguments can’t be skipped (already said that). In this line: my_thread = threading. If you want to pass these arguments by position, you should use *args instead. 3. Many Python functions have a **kwargs parameter — a dict whose keys and values are populated via keyword arguments. def kwargs_mark3 (a): print a other = {} print_kwargs (**other) kwargs_mark3 (37) it wasn't meant to be a riposte. Going to go with your existing function. Improve this answer. I have a function that updates a record via an API. When you call the double, Python calls the multiply function where b argument defaults to 2. More so, the request dict can be updated using a simple dict. When you call your function like this: CashRegister('name', {'a': 1, 'b': 2}) you haven't provided *any keyword arguments, you provided 2 positional arguments, but you've only defined your function to take one, name . I would like to be able to pass some parameters into the t5_send_notification's callable which is SendEmail, ideally I want to attach the full log and/or part of the log (which is essentially from the kwargs) to the email to be sent out, guessing the t5_send_notification is the place to gather those information. How to use a single asterisk ( *) to unpack iterables How to use two asterisks ( **) to unpack dictionaries This article assumes that you already know how to define Python functions and work with lists and dictionaries. from functools import lru_cache def hash_list (l: list) -> int: __hash = 0 for i, e in enumerate (l. ” . class NumbersCollection: def __init__ (self, *args: Union [RealNumber, ComplexNumber]): self. ; kwargs in Python. If I declare: from typing import TypedDict class KWArgs (TypedDict): a: int b: str. What I'm trying to do is fairly common, passing a list of kwargs to pool. to_dict() >>> kwargs = {key:data[key] for key in data. I think the proper way to use **kwargs in Python when it comes to default values is to use the dictionary method setdefault, as given below: class ExampleClass: def __init__ (self, **kwargs): kwargs. 11. 2. The special syntax **kwargs in a function definition is used to pass a keyworded, variable-length argument list. One solution would be to just write all the params for that call "by hand" and not using the kwarg-dict, but I'm specifically looking to overwrite the param in an elegant way. command () @click. def hello (*args, **kwargs): print kwargs print type (kwargs) print dir (kwargs) hello (what="world") Remove the. No special characters that I can think of. Sorted by: 2. 16. is there a way to make all of the keys and values or items to a single dictionary? def file_lines( **kwargs): for key, username in kwargs. index (settings. if you could modify the source of **kwargs, what would that mean in this case?Using the kwargs mechanism causes the dict elements to be copied into SimpleEcho. b = kwargs. uploads). and then annotate kwargs as KWArgs, the mypy check passes. get (a, 0) + kwargs. This makes it easy to chain the output from one module to the input of another - def f(x, y, **kwargs): then outputs = f(**inputs) where inputs is a dictionary from the previous step, calling f with inputs will unpack x and y from the dict and put the rest into kwargs which the module may ignore. def add (a=1, b=2,**c): res = a+b for items in c: res = res + c [items] print (res) add (2,3) 5. ; By using the get() method. If you wanted to ensure that variables a or b were set in the class regardless of what the user supplied, you could create class attributes or use kwargs. py", line 12, in <module> settings = {foo:"bar"} NameError: name 'foo' is not defined. Luckily, Python provides a very handy way of passing keyword arguments to a function. If that is the case, be sure to mention (and link) the API or APIs that receive the keyword arguments. b) # None print (foo4. Similarly, to pass the dict to a function in the form of several keyworded arguments, simply pass it as **kwargs again. Since your function ". lru_cache to digest lists, dicts, and more. you tried to reference locations with uninitialized variable names. In Python you can pass all the arguments as a list with the * operator. You can rather pass the dictionary as it is. Like so:In Python, you can expand a list, tuple, and dictionary ( dict) and pass their elements as arguments by prefixing a list or tuple with an asterisk ( * ), and prefixing a dictionary with two asterisks ( **) when calling functions. You would use *args when you're not sure how many arguments might be passed to your function, i. The data is there. ArgumentParser () # add some. We then pass the JSON dictionary as keyword arguments to the function. For example: my_dict = {'a': 5, 'b': 6} def printer1 (adict): return adict def printer2. So if you have mutliple inheritance and use different (keywoard) arguments super and kwargs can solve your problem. But what if you have a dict, and want to. An example of a keyword argument is fun. python pass dict as kwargs; python call function with dictionary arguments; python get dictionary of arguments within function; expanding dictionary to arguments python; python *args to dict Comment . Python will then create a new dictionary based on the existing key: value mappings in the argument. What I am trying to do is make this function in to one that accepts **kwargs but has default arguments for the selected fields. 19. I'm trying to do something opposite to what **kwargs do and I'm not sure if it is even possible. Contents. Just making sure to construct your update dictionary properly. In Python you can pass all the arguments as a list with the * operator. getargspec(f). Example 1: Using *args and **kwargs in the Same Function; Example 2: Using Default Parameters, *args, and **kwargs in the Same FunctionFor Python version 3. Now the super (). Using **kwargs in call causes a dictionary to be unpacked into separate keyword arguments. For a basic understanding of Python functions, default parameter values, and variable-length arguments using * and. Source: stackoverflow. 11. Method 4: Using the NamedTuple Function. I would like to pass the additional arguments into a dictionary along with the expected arguments. When defining a function, you can include any number of optional keyword arguments to be included using kwargs, which stands for keyword arguments. I wanted to avoid passing dictionaries for each sub-class (or -function). g. Now I want to call this function passing elements from a dict that contains keys that are identical to the arguments of this function. This set of kwargs correspond exactly to what you can use in your jinja templates. Using Python to Map Keys and Data Type In kwargs. Another possibly useful example was provided here , but it is hard to untangle. Example defined function info without any parameter. So I'm currently converting my non-object oriented python code to an object oriented design. Putting *args and/or **kwargs as the last items in your function definition’s argument list allows that function to accept an arbitrary number of arguments and/or keyword arguments. debug (msg, * args, ** kwargs) ¶ Logs a message with level DEBUG on this logger. JSON - or JavaScript Object Representation is a way of taking Python objects and converting them into a string-like representation, suitable for passing around to multiple languages. Yes, that's due to the ambiguity of *args. If we examine your example: def get_data(arg1, **kwargs): print arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 In your get_data functions's namespace, there is a variable named arg1, but there is no variable named arg2. When you pass additional keyword arguments to a partial object, Python extends and overrides the kwargs arguments. We can then access this dictionary like in the function above. Python will consider any variable name with two asterisks(**) before it as a keyword argument. )**kwargs: for Keyword Arguments. The below is an exemplary implementation hashing lists and dicts in arguments. Similarly, to pass the dict to a function in the form of several keyworded arguments, simply pass it as **kwargs again. namedtuple, _asdict() works: kwarg_func(**foo. *args / **kwargs has its advantages, generally in cases where you want to be able to pass in an unpacked data structure, while retaining the ability to work with packed ones. Instantiating class object with varying **kwargs dictionary - python. That tuple and dict are then parsed into specific positional args and ones that are named in the signature even though. Sorted by: 66. kwargs is created as a dictionary inside the scope of the function. Is it possible to pass an immutable object (e. py key1:val1 key2:val2 key3:val3 Output:Creating a flask app and having an issue passing a dictionary from my views. _x = argsitem1, argsitem2, kwargsitem1="something", kwargsitem2="somethingelse", which is invalid syntax. So, calling other_function like so will produce the following output:If you already have a mapping object such as a dictionary mapping keys to values, you can pass this object as an argument into the dict() function. Class): def __init__(self. com. args and _P. However when def func(**kwargs) is used the dictionary paramter is optional and the function can run without being passed an argument (unless there are. With the help of getfullargspec, You can see what arguments your individual functions need, then get those from kwargs and pass them to the functions. That being said, you. For example: dicA = {'spam':3, 'egg':4} dicB = {'bacon':5, 'tomato':6} def test (spam,tomato,**kwargs): print spam,tomato #you cannot use: #test (**dicA, **dicB) So you have to merge the. 0. Special Symbols Used for passing arguments in Python: *args (Non-Keyword Arguments) **kwargs (Keyword Arguments) Note: “We use the “wildcard” or “*”. If so, use **kwargs. In the function in question, you are then receiving them as a dictionary again, but if you were to pass values as named arguments or receive values as named arguments, those would not come from or end up in the dictionaries respectively. The *args keyword sends a list of values to a function. you should use a sequence for positional arguments, e. 20. 1. When passing the kwargs argument to the function, It must use double asterisks with the parameter name **kwargs. starmap() function with multiple arguments on a dict which are both passed as arguments inside the . Join 8. name = kwargs ["name. Similarly, the keyworded **kwargs arguments can be used to call a function. You may want to accept nearly-arbitrary named arguments for a series of reasons -- and that's what the **kw form lets you do. 2 Answers. 2 days ago · Your desire is for a function to support accepting open-ended pass-through arguments and to pass them on to a different PowerShell command as named. In Python, I can explicitly list the keyword-only parameters that a function accepts: def foo (arg, *, option_a=False, option_b=False): return another_fn (arg, option_a=option_a, option_b=option_b) While the syntax to call the other function is a bit verbose, I do get. Specifically, in function calls, in comprehensions and generator expressions, and in displays. Sorted by: 37. If you want to pass the entire dict to a wrapper function, you can do so, read the keys internally, and pass them along too. Even with this PEP, using **kwargs makes it much harder to detect such problems. With **kwargs, we can retrieve an indefinite number of arguments by their name. The only thing the helper should do is filter out None -valued arguments to weather. How I can pass the dictionaries as an input of a function without repeating the elements in function?. argument ('fun') @click. g. Process. When your function takes in kwargs in the form foo (**kwargs), you access the keyworded arguments as you would a python dict. py. The program defines what arguments it requires, and argparse will figure out how to parse those out of. Select(), for example . Sorted by: 3. Your way is correct if you want a keyword-only argument. 1 Answer. Share . )*args: for Non-Keyword Arguments. Far more natural than unpacking a dict like that would be to use actual keywords, like Nationality="Middle-Earth" and so on. – busybear. For example, if I were to initialize a ValidationRule class with ValidationRule(other='email'), the value for self. def generate_student_dict(self, **kwargs): return kwargs Otherwise, you can create a copy of params with built-in locals() at function start and return that copy:. So, basically what you're trying to do is self. iteritems():. The keys in kwargs must be strings. If a key occurs more than once, the last value for that key becomes the corresponding value in the new dictionary. The form would be better listed as func (arg1,arg2,arg3=None,arg4=None,*args,**kwargs): #Valid with defaults on positional args, but this is really just four positional args, two of which are optional. I want to pass argument names to **kwargs by a string variable. Enoch answered on September 7, 2020 Popularity 9/10 Helpfulness 8/10 Contents ;. Your way is correct if you want a keyword-only argument. , keyN: valN} test_obj = Class (test_dict) x = MyClass (**my_dictionary) That's how you call it if you have a dict named my_dictionary which is just the kwargs in dict format. Use a generator expression instead of a map. **kwargs allow you to pass multiple arguments to a function using a dictionary. Below is the function which can take several keyword arguments and return the concatenate strings from all the values of the keyword arguments. If you cannot change the function definition to take unspecified **kwargs, you can filter the dictionary you pass in by the keyword arguments using the argspec function in older versions of python or the signature inspection method in Python 3. starmap (), to achieve multiprocessing. Currently **kwargs can be type hinted as long as all of the keyword arguments specified by them are of the same type. Example: def func (d): for key in d: print("key:", key, "Value:", d [key]) D = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3} func (D) Output: key: b Value: 2 key: a Value: 1 key: c Value: 3 Passing Dictionary as kwargs 4 Answers. e. class ClassA(some. Using the above code, we print information about the person, such as name, age, and degree. 3. def filter(**kwargs): your function will now be passed a dictionary called kwargs that contains the keywords and values passed to your function. MutableMapping): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self. When we pass **kwargs as an argument. You might try: def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # To force nargs, look it up, but don't bother. There are a few possible issues I see. Hopefully I can get nice advice:) I learned how to pass both **kwargs and *args into a function, and it worked pretty well, like the following:,You call the function passing a dictionary and you want a dictionary in the function: just pass the dictionary, Stack Overflow Public questions & answersTeams.